5th century BC- patrician dominance
- gov. was being challenged by the Plebians (98% of the population)
- Plebeians served in army and threatened by debt slavery, had no legal rights, and could no hold office
- Plebians were victims of dicrimination in judicial trials
- no written laws, just unwritten customs (artisans cold twist it any way they wanted)
- plebeians refused to serve in military
- wrote out Law of the 12 tables
- posted in pubic in 450 BC
- tribal leaders were elected
- designated any decree, etc made by the "roman senate" and the people
res pubilica
- republic
- democracy (peoples assembly by tribunes)
- monarch (consuls)
- aristocracy (the senate)
- not tyranny
US vs. Rome
- we model ancient Rome
- both have 3 branches of government
- both have legal code
US executive
senate, 100, 4 year term
vs.
Rome executive
Senate, 300, aristocrats, members for life
US judicial
Supreme Court, 9 members, lifetime terms, appointed by Pres. but senate may approve
vs.
Rome judicial
praelots,chosen by Centimate,1 year terms
US legislative
senate,100,6 yr term
vs.
Rome legistlative
senate,300, aristocrats, for life
House of reps
435 , 2 year terms
vs.
Assemblies
(centimate or tribual)members for life
Twelve Table
- publicly displayed
- gave rights to plebeians not just aristocrats
- only protected free male citizens
Bill of Rights
- 1st 10 amendments to the constitutions
And then today we took more notes on things like the Punic Wars and here are the notes I took from today:
Roman legion
- 5000 soldiers, not in it for pay
- elite heavy infantry
- recruited exclusively from Roman citizens
- group of 80's is a century
- horseback, cavalry
Punic Wars
- (264-146 BCE)
- Rome vs. Carthage
- First Punic War
- (264-241 BCE)
- naval battles for control of strategically located island of Sicily
- Rome wins
- Second Punic War
- (218-201 BCE)
- 29 year old carthaginian general Hannibal almost takes Rome
- he attacks Rome from the north after crossing Spain
- crossed the alps in this war
- Rome won again
- Third Punic War
- (149-146 BCE)
- Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage
- Scipio, Tiberius, and others attacked Carthage and the city was burned for 17 days and destroyed
- Aftermath
- the leftover 50,000 people were sold into slavery
- rest of Carthage's territories were made into the Roman province of Africa
- slaves poured into Italy
- over a million slaves on Italy by the end of 2nd century BCE
- poor farmers lost land to aristocrats
- lig forms became massive estates called latifundia
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