Rules, Codes, and Laws
- Draco (621 BCE)
- all athenians rich or poor are equal under the law
- but death is the punishment for many crimes
- debt slavery is ok (work as slave to repay debts)
- Solon's reforms (594 BCE)
- outlaws debt slavery
- all Athenian Citizens can speak at the assembly
- any citizen can press charges against wrongdoers
- more reforms (around 500 BCE)
- allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate
- created the Council of 500
- leading to democracy
- only free adult male property owners born in Athens were considered citizens
Clash of the Tyrants
- Hippias was a tyrant who ruled from 527 to 510 BC
- his brother was murdered causing his rule to become harsh
- eventually he was expelled from Athens (ostracized)
- he began working with Persian King Darius 1 by helping them invade Marathon for revenge
- with Hippias gone, Isagarus and Cleisthenes, both aristocrats, engaged in a power struggle
- Isagarus had support from fellow aristocrats and Sparta
- Cleisthenes has support of Athenians
- Isagarus becomes tyrant and ostracizes Cleisthenes
- Cleisthenes supporters and ordinary citizens revolted against his tyranny \they trap Isagarus on the acropolis for 2 days, on the 3rd day he fled and was banished
- 508 BCE
- definitely a member of the elite
- very rich
- crafty politician
- saw the value of stepping into the patience, intelligence and the energies of the non-aristocratic people (middle class)
Then we had to take notes on pages 131-133, and here they are:
The Persian Wars
The Persian Wars
- wars between Greece and the Persian Empire began on the coast of Anatolia
- around 546 BC the Persians conquered the area
- Ionian Greeks revolted, Athens sent ships and soldiers to their aid
- Athenians and the Greeks fought again in Marathon, Persians lost over 6,000 men
- Young runner Pheidippides brought news of Persian defeat so that the Athenians would not give up the city without a fight , delivered the message "Rejoice, we conquer." after rushing 26 miles from Marathon to Athens then he collapsed and died
- ten years later Xerxes came into power
- underestimated the other teams troops, causing the greeks to stop the Persian advance for 3 days, then fearing defeat the Spartans held the Persians back causing a great impression on all Greeks because of their sacrifice
- Athenians were trying to defend their city, Xerxes set fire to Athens and sent his warships to block both ends of the narrow channel near them, but since it was too narrow, over 1/3 of his ships sank
- they were defeated again in 479 BC, and since that they were always on the defensive
- a year later, several greek city states formed an alliance called the Delian League
- they in time drove the Persians out of their territories surrounding Greece and ended the threat of future attacks
End of the Persian Wars
- Greek city states felt a new sense of confidence and freedom
- Athens gained the most from Persian defeat
- in the 470s Athens came to be known as the leader of the Delian league
- then Athens took control and moved their headquarters to Athens, used military force against whomever challenged their authority, city states became little more than provinces of the Athenian empire
- prestige of victory over the Persians and victory of Athens led them into the city's brief golden age
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